Mauryan Empire and Buddhism 孔雀王朝和佛教

Please complete the following Chart for HW, it will be collected on Monday when we come back:

Wikipedia entry on 4 Noble Truths and Eight-old Path

                                                                 Nirvana 涅槃乐队

Major Beliefs and Practices of Buddhism 佛教的主要信仰和習俗

Bilingual Handout:

Historical Context for Founding of Buddhism 佛教成立的歷史背景

Buddhism is a belief system that originated in India in the mid-400s BCE. 
 Buddhism was founded by Siddhartha Gautama, better known as the Buddha 

 (the Enlightened One) who was born a prince in northeastern India, around 480 BCE,
 but then devoted his life to finding answers to spiritual questions. 

Buddhism’s sacred text is called the Tripitaka, or Three Baskets of Wisdom, 
and is made up of the teachings of Buddha as they were passed down over generations. 

Buddhism originated from a time and place that was dominated by Hinduism. 
As a result, the two belief systems share some concepts, but differ in others. 

The major beliefs and concepts of Buddhism are:

• Reincarnation 
• Enlightenment
• Nirvana
• The Four Noble Truths
• The Eightfold Path
• Rejection of the Caste System

The 3 mmajor schools of Buddhism include: 1. Vajrayana Also Known as Tibetan Buddhism - Dominant in Tibet and Mongolia 2. Mahayana Also Known as Northern Buddhism  - Dominant in China, Korea and Japan 3. Theravada AKA, Southern Buddhism  - Dominant in Indo-China (Thailand, Laos, Myanmar, Cambodia) and Sri Lanka

What was the context for the founding of Buddhism?

➡ Directions: Watch clips of the BBC Documentary, "The Life of Buddha" (6:44-10:24, 11:26-22:47) and take notes on some of the events in his life. Then, sketch out a storyboard that depicts the events you learned about from the video clips.
功课：请观看以上视频（6分44秒-10分24秒； 11：26-22:47）-来完成连环画的作业。
Example of Drawing and caption （drawing does not have to be as fancy as below) 连环画， 字幕的例子）

      Buddha was born ca 480 BCE
       佛在公元前480年左右出生

Kalmykia, Europe's only Buddhist area

The Untouchables in India 印度的“不可接觸者”

If you understand Chinese,  you can watch the following news report about India's Caste system.

Introduction to Hinduism 印度教簡介

       Hindu painting that demonstrate idea of reincarnation 印度教中關於輪迴轉世的繪畫

Untouchables  贱民	Brahmins 婆羅門	Vaisyas  吠舍	Kshatriyas 剎帝利
merchants 商人	caste(s) 種姓	Sudras 首陀羅	priests 神職人員
unclean 不乾淨	dharma 法	karma 業	lower 較低
reincarnation 輪迴	moksha 解脫

Geographic Context of Indian Civilizations 印度古典文明的地理环境

 

Indian Sub-continent 印度次大陆

Where Were Classical Civilizations Located

• Zhou Dynasty 周朝 1046 BCE 256 BCE
• Greek City States: 希臘城邦 800 BCE -146 BCE

• Persian Empire - Achaemenid Empire 波斯帝國之阿契美尼德王朝 550 BCE -330 BCE

• Roman Republic 羅馬共和國 509 BCE -27 BCE

• Roman Republic 羅馬共和國 509 BCE -27 BCE
• Maurya Empire 孔雀王朝 322 BCE -185 BCE 
• Seleucid Empire 塞琉古帝國 312 BCE -63 BCE  
• Han Dynasty 漢朝 202 BCE -220 CE

• Roman Empire 羅馬帝國 27 BCE - 476 CE
• Han Dynasty 漢朝 202 BCE -220 CE

• Sassinid Dynasty 萨珊王朝 224 CE - 651 CE 
• Gupta Empire 笈多王朝 320 CE - 550 CE
• Eastern Roman Empire 東羅馬帝國 395 CE - 1453 CE
• Northern and Southern Dynasties 南北朝 420 CE - 589 CE